#### README File for Scott, Lane and Schoenherr, "You Better Shop Around: Litigant Characteristics and Supreme Court Support" ##### 

File Name: AppenSecF_manipulationCheckModels.do

Software: Stata (Version 16.1) 

Description: This file creates Tables A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, and A10. Tables A5, A6 and A7 are manipulation checks. The remaining tables use an OLS model to examine feelings toward the Supreme Court among respondents who passed the manipulation check. Table A8 includes respondents exposed to the affirmative action treatment in the first experiment. Table A9 includes respondents exposed to the gun control treatment in the first experiment. Table A10 includes respondents exposed to the affirmative action treatment in the second experiment. 

 In addition, the predicted values calculated on lines 84-85, 170-171, and 240-241 were used to plot the right panel in Figure A3, the right panel in Figure A4, and the right panel in Figure A5. Note that these figures only include respondents who passed the manipulation check. 


Data Files referenced in script:
- lucid_AA.xlsx (excel file) - First experiment conducted that examines attitudes toward the Supreme Court in relation to affirmative action; includes White and Black respondents 

- lucid_GC.xlsx (excel file) - First experiment conducted that examines attitudes toward the Supreme Court in relation to gun rights attitudes; includes White and Black respondents 

- ShopAroundDataCleaned20220302.xlsx - Second experiment conducted that examines attitudes toward the Supreme Court in relation to affirmative action; includes White and Asian American respondents 

We describe the variables included in each of the data files below. 


#### Codebook ###### 

## Data File: lucid_AA.xlsx ##

# Supreme Court Specific Support Question # (First Iteration)#
- SC_job_1: Asks how well respondents think the U.S. Supreme Court does its main job in government (Response options: "Great job", "Pretty good job"; "Not a very good job", "Poor job")

- SC_ideology_1: Asks whether respondents believe the Supreme Court is too liberal, conservative or just about right in its decisions (Response options: "Much too liberal", "Too liberal", "Just right", "Too conservative", "Much too conservative") 

- SC_confidence_1: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court (Response options: "A great deal of confidence", "Hardly any confidence", "Only some confidence") 

# ANES Questions about Supreme Court Decisions (First Iteration) #
- SC_decision_AA: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion upholding use of affirmative action policies in law school admissions process (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly") 

- SC_decision_Firearm: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion protecting individuals right to possess firearms (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly") 

- SC_decision_eminentdomain: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion that cities can use eminent domain to take private property for the sake of public use (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly")  

# Supreme Court Legitimacy Battery # 
- SC_exist: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: If the Supreme Court started making a lot of decisions that most people disagree with, it might be better to do away with the Supreme Court altogether. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_controv_decision: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The right of the Supreme Court to decide certain types of controversial issues should be reduced. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_decision_trust: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The Supreme Court can usually be trusted to make decisions that are right for the country as a whole. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_favor_groups: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 


- SC_mixed_politics: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court gets too mixed up in politics. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_constitution: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court should have the right to say what the Constitution means, even when the majority of the people disagree with the Court's decision. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- Attention Check: Asks respondents the following: "Some people received a story about an election. If you read about the election scenario, where was the election being held?" (Response options: "A Midwestern State", "Germany", "New York", "I did not read about an election scenario.") 

# Racial Resentment items from Kinder and Sanders (1996) #
- RR_1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Irish, Italian, Jewish, and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without any special favors. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for Blacks to work their way out of the lower class. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_3: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Over the past few years, Blacks have gotten less than they deserve. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_4:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: It's really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if Blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 


# Modern Sexism  #
- Attitude_Women_1:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Women who complain about harassment cause more problems than they solve. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- Attitude_Women_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: When women demand equality these days, they are actually seeking special favors. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- Manipulation_Check: Asks respondents the following: Some people received a news article about a Supreme Court case. If you  read an article about a Supreme Court case, what was the name and race  of the plaintiff? (Response options: "The litigant's name was James Smith and he was white," "The litigant's name was James Smith and he was Black," "The litigant's name was Brianna Smith and she was white," The litigant's name was Brianna Smith and she was Black," "The litigant's name was not given, nor was their race")

# Supreme Court Specific Support Question #  (Second Iteration) # 

- SC_ideology_2: Asks whether respondents believe the Supreme Court is too liberal, conservative or just about right in its decisions (Response options: "Much too liberal", "Too liberal", "Just right", "Too conservative", "Much too conservative") 

- SC_confidence_2: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court (Response options: "A great deal of confidence", "Hardly any confidence", "Only some confidence") 	


# ANES Questions about Supreme Court Decisions (Second Iteration) #

- SC_trust_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The Supreme Court can usually be trusted to make decisions that are right for the country as a whole. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_favor_groups_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_constitution_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court should have the right to say what the Constitution means, even when the majority of the people disagree with the Court's decision. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	
	

- age: Age of respondents (numeric) 

- gender: Gender of respondents (Response options: "Female", "Male") 	

- ethnicity: Race of respondents (Response options: "Black", "White")

- hispanic: Asks respondents if they are Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (Response Options: 1 - "No, not Hispanic"; 2 - "Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano", 3 - "Yes, Cuban", 4 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Argentina", 5 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Colombia", 6 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Ecuador", 7 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: El Salvador", 8 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Guatemala", 9 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Nicaragua, 10 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Panama", 11 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Peru", 12 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Spain", 13 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Venezuela", 14 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Other Country" 

- education: Asks respondents about the highest level of education they have completed (Response Options: 1 - "3rd Grade or less", 2 - "Middle School - Grades 4-8", 3 - "Completed some high school", 4 - "High school graduate", 5 - Other post-high school vocational training", 6 - "Completed some college, but no degree", 7 - "Associate degree", 8 = "College degree", 9 - "Completed some graduate education, but no degree", 10 - "Masters degree", 11 - "Doctorate degree") 

- political_party: Asks respondents about their political party identification (Response options: 1 - "Democrat", 2 - "Republican", 3 - "Independent") 

- region: Asks respondents about the region in which they reside (Response options: 1 - "Northeast", 2 - "Midwest", 3 - "South", 4 - "West) 	

- zip: Asks respondents about their zipcode (numeric) 

- Treatment: Experimental vignette that respondents received during the survey about affirmative action Supreme Court decision; race and gender of the litigant varied (Response Options: "Treatment10-AA-Control"- Control, "Treatment6-AA-White/Male" - White Male Treatment Condition, "Treatment7-AA-Black/Male" - Black Male Treatment Condition, "Treatment8-AA-White/Female" - White Female Treatment Condition, "Treatment9-AA-Black/Female" - Black Female Treatment Condition) 

# Racial Resentment items from Kinder and Sanders (1996) (Recoded from 0 to 1) #

- RR1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Irish, Italian, Jewish, and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without any special favors. (Response options: 0 - "Agree strongly", 0.25 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - "Disagree strongly") (reverse coded) 

- RR2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for Blacks to work their way out of the lower class. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0 - Disagree strongly") 


- RR3: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Over the past few years, Blacks have gotten less than they deserve. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0 - "Disagree strongly")	

- RR4:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: It's really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if Blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites. (Response options:  0 - "Agree strongly", 0.25 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly")  (reverse coded) 	

- RR_add - Additive measure of racial resentment items; cronbach's alpha value = 0.736	

# Modern Sexism (recoded from - 1 to 1) #

- Attitude_Women1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Women who complain about harassment cause more problems than they solve. (Response options: -1 -"Agree strongly", -0.5 - "Agree somewhat", 0 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.5 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly") 
	

- Attitude_Women2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: When women demand equality these days, they are actually seeking special favors. (Response options: -1 -  "Agree strongly", -0.5 - "Agree somewhat",  0 - "Neither agree nor disagree",  0.5 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - "Disagree strongly") 	

- AW_add: Additive measure of modern sexism items	

- Agree_SC_Decision: Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) whether they agree or disagree with the Supreme Court's decision in case from the experimental vignette (Response options: 0 = "Disagree", 1 = "No Opinion", 2 - "Agree") 


- SC_thermometer: Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) how they would rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100. The exact language is the following: How would you rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100? A rating of zero means you feel as cold and negative as possible. A rating of 100 means you feel as warm and positive as possible. You would rate the decision at 50 if you do not feel particularly positive or negative. 	

- race_gender: Recoded variable that includes the race and gender of survey respondents (Response options: "Black Female", "Black Male", "White Female", "White Male") 


- PID: Recoded variable of political party identification (Response options: "Democrats", "Independents", "Republicans") 



## Data File: lucid_GC.xlsx ##

# Supreme Court Specific Support Question # (First Iteration)#

- SC_job_1: Asks how well respondents think the U.S. Supreme Court does its main job in government (Response options: "Great job", "Pretty good job"; "Not a very good job", "Poor job")
	

- SC_ideology_1: Asks whether respondents believe the Supreme Court is too liberal, conservative or just about right in its decisions (Response options: "Much too liberal", "Too liberal", "Just right", "Too conservative", "Much too conservative") 


- SC_confidence_1: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court (Response options: "A great deal of confidence", "Hardly any confidence", "Only some confidence") 	

# ANES Questions about Supreme Court Decisions (First Iteration)# 

- SC_decision_AA: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion upholding use of affirmative action policies in law school admissions process (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly") 

- SC_decision_Firearm: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion protecting individuals right to possess firearms (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly") 
	
- SC_decision_eminentdomain: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion that cities can use eminent domain to take private property for the sake of public use (Response options:  0 - "Disagree strongly", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0.5 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 1.0 - "Agree strongly")  	

# Supreme Court Legitimacy Battery # 

- SC_exist: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: If the Supreme Court started making a lot of decisions that most people disagree with, it might be better to do away with the Supreme Court altogether. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 
	
- SC_controv_decision: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The right of the Supreme Court to decide certain types of controversial issues should be reduced. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- SC_decision_trust: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The Supreme Court can usually be trusted to make decisions that are right for the country as a whole. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- SC_favor_groups: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- SC_mixed_politics: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court gets too mixed up in politics. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- SC_constitution: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court should have the right to say what the Constitution means, even when the majority of the people disagree with the Court's decision. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	

- Attention_Check: Asks respondents the following: "Some people received a story about an election. If you read about the election scenario, where was the election being held?" (Response options: "A Midwestern State", "Germany", "New York", "I did not read about an election scenario.") 	

# Racial Resentment items from Kinder and Sanders (1996) #
- RR_1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Irish, Italian, Jewish, and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without any special favors. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for Blacks to work their way out of the lower class. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_3: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Over the past few years, Blacks have gotten less than they deserve. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- RR_4:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: It's really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if Blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

# Modern Sexism #

- Attitude_Women_1:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Women who complain about harassment cause more problems than they solve. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", Disagree strongly") 

- Attitude_Women_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: When women demand equality these days, they are actually seeking special favors. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 
	
- Manipulation_Check: Asks respondents the following: Some people received a news article about a Supreme Court case. If you  read an article about a Supreme Court case, what was the name and race of the plaintiff? (Response options: "The litigant's name was James Smith and he was white," "The litigant's name was James Smith and he was Black," "The litigant's name was Brianna Smith and she was white," The litigant's name was Brianna Smith and she was Black," "The litigant's name was not given, nor was their race")
	
# # Supreme Court Specific Support Question #  (Second Iteration) # 

- SC_ideology_2: Asks whether respondents believe the Supreme Court is too liberal, conservative or just about right in its decisions (Response options: "Much too liberal", "Too liberal", "Just right", "Too conservative", "Much too conservative") 

- SC_confidence_2: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court (Response options: "A great deal of confidence", "Hardly any confidence", "Only some confidence") 	


# Supreme Court Legitimacy # 

- SC_trust_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The Supreme Court can usually be trusted to make decisions that are right for the country as a whole. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_favor_groups_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 

- SC_constitution_2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court should have the right to say what the Constitution means, even when the majority of the people disagree with the Court's decision. (Response options: "Agree strongly", "Agree somewhat", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Disagree somewhat", "Disagree strongly") 	
	

- age: Age of respondents (numeric) 

- gender: Gender of respondents (Response options: "Female", "Male") 	

- ethnicity: Race of respondents (Response options: "Black", "White")

- hispanic: Asks respondents if they are Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (Response Options: 1 - "No, not Hispanic"; 2 - "Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano", 3 - "Yes, Cuban", 4 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Argentina", 5 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Colombia", 6 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Ecuador", 7 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: El Salvador", 8 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Guatemala", 9 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Nicaragua, 10 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Panama", 11 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Peru", 12 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Spain", 13 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Venezuela", 14 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Other Country" 

- education: Asks respondents about the highest level of education they have completed (Response Options: 1 - "3rd Grade or less", 2 - "Middle School - Grades 4-8", 3 - "Completed some high school", 4 - "High school graduate", 5 - Other post-high school vocational training", 6 - "Completed some college, but no degree", 7 - "Associate degree", 8 = "College degree", 9 - "Completed some graduate education, but no degree", 10 - "Masters degree", 11 - "Doctorate degree") 

- political_party: Asks respondents about their political party identification (Response options: 1 - "Democrat", 2 - "Republican", 3 - "Independent") 

- region: Asks respondents about the region in which they reside (Response options: 1 - "Northeast", 2 - "Midwest", 3 - "South", 4 - "West) 	

- zip: Asks respondents about their zipcode (numeric) 

- Treatment: Experimental vignette that respondents received during the survey about gun control Supreme Court decision; race and gender of the litigant varied (Response Options: "Treatment5-Guns-Control"- Control, "Treatment1-Guns-White/Male" - White Male Treatment Condition, " Treatment2-Guns-Male/Black" - Black Male Treatment Condition, "Treatment3-Guns-Female/White" - White Female Treatment Condition, "Treatment4-Guns-Female/Black" - Black Female Treatment Condition) 

# Racial Resentment items from Kinder and Sanders (1996) (Recoded from 0 to 1) #

- RR1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Irish, Italian, Jewish, and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without any special favors. (Response options: 0 - "Agree strongly", 0.25 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - "Disagree strongly") (reverse coded) 

- RR2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for Blacks to work their way out of the lower class. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0 - Disagree strongly") 


- RR3: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Over the past few years, Blacks have gotten less than they deserve. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 0.75 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.25 - "Disagree somewhat", 0 - "Disagree strongly")	

- RR4:  Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: It's really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if Blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites. (Response options:  0 - "Agree strongly", 0.25 - "Agree somewhat", 0.50 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.75 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly")  (reverse coded) 	

- RR_add - Additive measure of racial resentment items; Cronbach's alpha value = 0.766	

# Modern Sexism (recoded from - 1 to 1) #

- Attitude_Women1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Women who complain about harassment cause more problems than they solve. (Response options: -1 -"Agree strongly", -0.5 - "Agree somewhat", 0 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 0.5 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly") 
	

- Attitude_Women2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: When women demand equality these days, they are actually seeking special favors. (Response options: -1 -  "Agree strongly", -0.5 - "Agree somewhat",  0 - "Neither agree nor disagree",  0.5 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - "Disagree strongly") 	

- AW_add: Additive measure of modern sexism items	

- Agree_SC_Decision: Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) whether they agree or disagree with the Supreme Court's decision in case from the experimental vignette  (Response Options: 0 = "Disagree", 1 = "No Opinion", 2 - "Agree")  


- SC_thermometer: Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) how they would rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100. The exact language is the following: How would you rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100? A rating of zero means you feel as cold and negative as possible. A rating of 100 means you feel as warm and positive as possible. You would rate the decision at 50 if you do not feel particularly positive or negative. 	

- race_gender: Recoded variable that includes the race and gender of survey respondents (Response options: "Black Female", "Black Male", "White Female", "White Male") 


- PID: Recoded variable of political party identification (Response options: "Democrats", "Independents", "Republicans") 


## Data File: ShopAroundDataCleaned20220302.xlsx ##
		
- age: Age of respondents (numeric) 
	
- gender: Gender of respondents (Response options:  2- "Female", 1 - "Male") 

- hhi: Asks respondents about the total combined annual income of members of their household before taxes (Response options: 1 - "Less than $5000", 2 - "$5000 to $9,999", 3 - "$10,000 - $14,999", 4 - "$15,000 to $19,999", 5 - "$20,000 to $24,999", 6 - "$25,000 to $29,999", 7 - "$30,000 to $34,999", 8 - "$35,000 to $39,999", 9 - "$40,000 to $44,999", 10 - "$45,000 to $49,999", 11 - "$50,000 to $54,999", 12 - "$55,000 to $59,999", 13 - "$60,000 to $64,999", 14 - "$65,000 to $69,999", 15 - 
"$70,000 to $74,999", 16 - "$75,000 to $79,999", 17 - "$80,000 to $84,999", 18 - "$85,000 to $89,999", 19 - "$90,000 to $94,999", 20 - "$95,000 to $99,999", 21 - "$100,000 to $124,999", 22 - "$125,000 to $149,999", 23 - "$150,000 to $174,999",  24 - "$175,000 to $199,999", 25 - "$200,000 to $249,999", 26 - "$250,000 and above", -3105 - "Prefer not to answer") 

- ethnicity: Asks respondents about their racial identity (Response options: 1 - "White", 2 - "Black or African American", 3 - "American Indian or Alaska Native", 4 - "Asian: Asian Indian", 5 - "Asian: Chinese", 6 - "Asian: Filipino", 7 - "Asian: Japanese", 8 - "Asian: Korean", 9 - "Asian: Vietnamese", 10 - "Asian: Other", 11 - "Pacific Islander: Native Hawaiian", 12 - "Pacific Islander: Guamanian", 13 - "Pacific Islander: Samoan", 14 - "Pacific Islander: Other Pacific Islander", 15 - "Some other race", 16 - "Prefer not to answer") 

- hispanic: Asks respondents if they are Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (Response Options: 1 - "No, not Hispanic"; 2 - "Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano", 3 - "Yes, Cuban", 4 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Argentina", 5 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Colombia", 6 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Ecuador", 7 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: El Salvador", 8 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Guatemala", 9 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Nicaragua, 10 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Panama", 11 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Peru", 12 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Spain", 13 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Venezuela", 14 - "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin: Other Country") 
	
- education: Asks respondents about the highest level of education they have completed (Response Options: 1 - "Some high school or less", 2 - "High school graduate", 3 - "Other post-high school vocational training", 4 - "Completed some college, but no degree", 5 - "Associate's degree", 6 - "Bachelor's degree", 7 - "Master's or professional degree", 8 - "Doctorate degree") 
	
- political_party: Asks respondents about their political party identification (Response options: 1 - "Strong Democrat", 2 - "Not very strong Democrat", 3 - "Independent Democrat", 4 - "Independent - neither", 5 - "Independent Republican", 6 - "Other - leaning Democrat", 7 - "Other-neither", 8 - "Other - leaning Republican", 9 - "Not very strong Republican", 10 - "Strong Republican") 
	
- region: Asks respondents about the region in which they reside (Response options: 1 - "Northeast", 2 - "Midwest", 3 - "South", 4 - "West) 	

- zip: Asks respondents about their zipcode (numeric) 
	
- female: Denotes whether respondent identifies as female or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no) 

- democrat: Denotes whether respondent identifies as Democrat or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no) 

- republican: Denotes whether respondent identifies as Republican or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no) 	

- independent: Denotes whether respondent identifies as Republican or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)
	
- white: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as white or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)

- black: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as Black or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)

- notWhite: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as non-white (which includes Latino, Black, Asian American, and Pacific Islander respondents) or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)	

- asianPI: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as Asian American or Pacific Islander or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)

- nativeAmerican: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as Native American or not (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)

- otherRace: Denotes whether respondent identifies (racially) as a racial group beyond white, Black, Asian American, or Native American (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)
	
- noRaceAnswer: Denotes whether respondent provided no answer about their racial identity (Response options: 1 - "yes", 0 - "no)
	
- income: Recoded version of respondent's total combined annual income  (Response options: 1 - "Less than $5000", 2 - "$5000 to $9,999", 3 - "$10,000 - $14,999", 4 - "$15,000 to $19,999", 5 - "$20,000 to $24,999", 6 - "$25,000 to $29,999", 7 - "$30,000 to $34,999", 8 - "$35,000 to $39,999", 9 - "$40,000 to $44,999", 10 - "$45,000 to $49,999", 11 - "$50,000 to $54,999", 12 - "$55,000 to $59,999", 13 - "$60,000 to $64,999", 14 - "$65,000 to $69,999", 15 - "$70,000 to $74,999", 16 - "$75,000 to $79,999", 17 - "$80,000 to $84,999", 18 - "$85,000 to $89,999", 19 - "$90,000 to $94,999", 20 - "$95,000 to $99,999", 21 - "$100,000 to $124,999", 22 - "$125,000 to $149,999", 23 - "$150,000 to $174,999",  24 - "$175,000 to $199,999", 25 - "$200,000 to $249,999")
 
# Supreme Court Specific Support Question # 
 - specificQ1DoesMainJob: Asks how well respondents think the U.S. Supreme Court does its main job in government (Response options:  4- "Great job", 3- "Pretty good job"; 2- "Not a very good job", 1 - "Poor job")
	
	
- specificQ2TooLiberal: Asks whether respondents believe the Supreme Court is too liberal, conservative or just about right in its decisions (Response options: 1 - "Much too liberal", 2- "Too liberal", 3 - "Just right", 4- "Too conservative", 5 -"Much too conservative") 

- confidence: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court (Response options: 3 - "A great deal of confidence", 2 - "Only some confidence",  1 - "Hardly any confidence") 	

# ANES Questions about Supreme Court Decisions # 

- policyAffirmativeAction: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion upholding use of affirmative action policies in law school admissions process (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly") 
	
- policyGuns: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion protecting individuals right to possess firearms (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")
	
- policyEminentDomain: Asks whether respondents agree or disagree with the Supreme Court opinion that cities can use eminent domain to take private property for the sake of public use (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- legitQ1DoAway: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: If the Supreme Court started making a lot of decisions that most people disagree with, it might be better to do away with the Supreme Court altogether. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 2 - "Agree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Disagree somewhat", 5 - "Disagree strongly") 
	
- legitQ2Controversy: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The right of the Supreme Court to decide certain types of controversial issues should be reduced.(Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 2 - "Agree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Disagree somewhat", 5 - "Disagree strongly") 
	
	
- legitQ3Trust: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The Supreme Court can usually be trusted to make decisions that are right for the country as a whole.  (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")
	
	
- legitQ4FavorGroups: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 2 - "Agree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Disagree somewhat", 5 - "Disagree strongly") 
	
	
- legitQ5Politics: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court gets too mixed up in politics.(Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 2 - "Agree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Disagree somewhat", 5 - "Disagree strongly") 
	
		
- legitQ6Constitution: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: The U.S. Supreme Court should have the right to say what the Constitution means, even when the majority of the people disagree with the Court's decision. (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- legitScore: Additive score of Supreme Court legitimacy items ("legitQ1DoAway", "legitQ2Controversy", "legitQ3Trust", "legitQ4FavorGroups", "legitQ5Politics", "legitQ6Constitution") 

- legitAverage: Average score of Supreme Court legitimacy items ("legitQ1DoAway", "legitQ2Controversy", "legitQ3Trust", "legitQ4FavorGroups", "legitQ5Politics", "legitQ6Constitution") 

- asianAmResent1: Asks respondents whether they believe Asian Americans are overly competitive for their success (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- asianAmResent2: Asks respondents whether they believe Asian Americans make the job market too competitive (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- asianAmResent3: Asks respondents whether they believe Asian Americans strive to achieve too much (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- asianAmResent4: Asks respondents whether they believe Asian Americans need to embrace American values more (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- asianAmResent5: Asks respondents whether they believe it is annoying when Asian Americans speak in their own language in public places (Response options:  1 - "Disagree strongly", 2 - "Disagree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Agree somewhat", 5 - "Agree strongly")

- asianAmResentScore: Additive score of Asian American Resentment items ("asianAmResent1", "asianAmResent2", "asianAmResent3", "asianAmResent4") 

- asianAmResentAverage: Average score of Asian American Resentment items ("asianAmResent1", "asianAmResent2", "asianAmResent3", "asianAmResent4") 

- modernSexism1: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: Women who complain about harassment cause more problems than they solve. (Response options: 5 -"Agree strongly", 4- "Agree somewhat",3 - "Neither agree nor disagree",2 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly") 

- modernSexism2: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following: When women demand equality these days, they are actually seeking special favors. (Response options: 5 -"Agree strongly", 4- "Agree somewhat",3 - "Neither agree nor disagree",2 - "Disagree somewhat", 1 - Disagree strongly") 

- modernSexismScore: Additive score of modern sexism items ("modernSexism1", "modernSexism2") 
	
- modernSexismAverage:  Average score of modern sexism items ("modernSexism1", "modernSexism2") 

- aaTreatmentGroup: Experimental vignette that respondents received during the survey about affirmative action Supreme Court decision; race and gender of the litigant varied ( Response Options: 1 - "White Male condition, 2 - "Asian American Male condition", 3 - "White Female condition", 4 - "Asian American Female condition", 5 - "Control" 
	
- aaFeelingThermometer: Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) how they would rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100. The exact language is the following: How would you rate the Supreme Court on a scale of 0 to 100? A rating of zero means you feel as cold and negative as possible. A rating of 100 means you feel as warm and positive as possible. You would rate the decision at 50 if you do not feel particularly positive or negative. 	

- aaAgreeWithDecision:  Asks respondents (post-treatment exposure) whether they agree or disagree with the Supreme Court's decision in case from the experimental vignette  (Response Options: "Disagree", "No Opinion", "Agree")  

- aaCourtShouldBeDeciding: Asks respondents whether they believe the Supreme Court should be deciding cases involving the use of affirmative action in university admissions (Response options: "No", "No opinion", "Yes") 	

- attentionCheck1: Equals 1 if the respondent was randomly assigned to the White Male Treatment condition (aaTreatmentGroup = 1) and the respondent correctly identifies that the experimental vignette was about a white male plaintiff (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition") 
	
- attentionCheck2: Equals 1 if the respondent was randomly assigned to the Asian American Male Treatment condition (aaTreatmentGroup = 2) and the respondent correctly identifies that the experimental vignette was about an Asian American male plaintiff (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition") 
	
- attentionCheck3: Equals 1 if the respondent was randomly assigned to the White Female Treatment condition (aaTreatmentGroup = 3) and the respondent correctly identifies that the experimental vignette was about an White female plaintiff (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition")

- attentionCheck4: Equals 1 if the respondent was randomly assigned to the Asian American Female Treatment condition (aaTreatmentGroup = 4) and the respondent correctly identifies that the experimental vignette was about an Asian American female plaintiff (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition")
	
- attentionCheck5: Equals 1 if the respondent was randomly assigned to the Control condition (aaTreatmentGroup = 5) and the respondent correctly identifies that the experimental vignette did not include race and gender information about the plaintiff (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition")
	
- attentionCheck: Denotes respondents who correctly identified the race and gender (or lack thereof) of the plaintiff in the experimental vignette that respondents were exposed to across conditions (Response Options: 1 - "Correctly identifies randomly assigned experimental condition", 0  - "Does not correctly identify treatment condition")
	
- postConfidence: Asks respondents how much confidence they have in the Supreme Court after being exposed to experimental treatment (Response options: 3 - "A great deal of confidence", 2 - "Only some confidence",  1 - "Hardly any confidence") 
	
- postLegitQ4FavorGroups: Asks respondents if they agree or disagree with the following after being exposed to the experimental treatment: The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court favor some groups more than others. (Response options: 1 - "Agree strongly", 2 - "Agree somewhat", 3 - "Neither agree nor disagree", 4 - "Disagree somewhat", 5 - "Disagree strongly") 

